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Author: Michael_Newberry, Contributing Editor
| There are unlimited possibilities for what one can do with a composition; the combinations are countless. Composition is essentially the arrangement of objects/forms within the border of the canvas or paper. The aim of this tutorial is to illustrate that there is one essential ingredient to superb composition.
There are quite a few compositional theories about how to direct the eye movement, how to tier figures, how to create either dynamic or calm feelings, etc. Virtually all of these theories are valid but the sheer weight of all the different rules can easily overwhelm an artist with a pencil in hand and a pristine white page in front of them or the spectator trying to grasp the quality of a composition. Since I was a kid I studied artists and one particular approach I had was to look for the common denominator between artists. For example Rembrandt, Vermeer, Michelangelo, and Picasso (in specific periods) use an egg shape for their heads. Another example is how great artists have similarly arranged compositions and I discovered the following: An excellent composition has interesting shapes in all four corners. Cezanne, Still-Life with Apples and Oranges, 1899 |  |
 | The operative word is interesting. And I cannot stress that aspect enough. Artists too easily fluff the corners with gray emptiness or boring generic shapes. The pro-active way is to accent and look for the shapes and colors that excite you.
Ok, lets start. Here is Vermeer's Girl with a Water Pitcher, 1665. I have drawn an oval on the image. What concerns us here are the colors and shapes outside of the oval, the areas of the four corners. We have the motifs of a map and the carpet table cover on the right. The beautiful abstract shapes of the window, corner of the wall, and light in the upper left. And in the bottom left is nuanced shadowing of the corner walls. |  |
 | Diebenkorn, Cityscape 1 (Landscape No. 1), 1963
Diebenkorn obviously is not a realist like Vermeer and, yet, like Vermeer he has interesting shapes in the corners. |  |
 | Las Meninas, 1656, by Velazquez is one of my favorite paintings. In 3 of the corners we have wonderful shapes of the canvas, the dog and the children, and window niches and framed paintings. The upper left corner is essentially the ceiling but notice how Velazquez created a pocket of light there. |  |
 | Van Gogh's Room at Arles, 1889
A nice contrast to Las Meninas is this Van Gogh painting of his bedroom. Notice that there is little in the bottom center, rather all the objects are pushed out towards the corners. |  |
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